Analysis of the seawater CO2 system in the barrier reef–lagoon system of Palau using total alkalinity-dissolved inorganic carbon diagrams

We studied the seawater carbon dioxide (CO2) system in the Palau coral reef by measuring total alkalinity (TA) and total dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC). Variation in the CO2 system on the reef flat and in the lagoon was analyzed by TA–DIC diagrams, taking into accounts the differing residence times of seawater. CO2 in the offshore water was relatively stable in space and time, but on the reef flat it was subject to rapid (about 3 h) and substantial changes due to photosynthesis and calcification during the day and due to respiration and calcification at night. Water flowed into the lagoon where decomposition of organic matter and continuing calcification occurred over relatively long residence times (,30 d). Despite the spatial and temporal variations, the center of the lagoon had relatively constant TA and DIC values similar to the mean values for the entire lagoon. A long-term 30–40% decrease in reef productivity and calcification has occurred over the last decade, primarily a result of degradation of the reef environment following a major coral reef bleaching event in 1998. This is reflected in decreases in the differences in TA and DIC between offshore lagoon waters and those in center of the lagoon. 1 To whom correspondence should be addressed. Present address: Graduate School of Environmental Studies (Research fellow of Dynamics of the Sun–Earth–Life Interactive System, No. G-4, the 21st Century COE Program, Japan), Nagoya University, Furo-Cho, Chikusa-Ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan ([email protected]). Acknowledgments We thank I. Koike, Ocean Research Institute of the University of Tokyo, for valuable comments on our data, and K. Nadaoka, Tokyo Institute of Technology, for helpful comments during field surveys. We thank Y. Umezawa and Y. Fujikawa, Ocean Research Institute of the University of Tokyo, and Y. Takagi, University of Tokyo, for obtaining the water samples during the study period. K. Kawate, I. Iwata, M. Watanabe, and H. Kobayasi, Fuyo Ocean Development & Engineering Co., helped support the field survey. Thanks are due to H. Kimoto and M. Tsuda, Kimoto Electric Co. Ltd., for technical comments and support for the newly developed TA & DIC analyzer. We also thank the Coral Reef Research Foundation and the staff of Rock Island Tour Co. for support with the field survey and analysis. This study was supported by Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Corporation. Limnol. Oceanogr., 51(4), 2006, 1614–1628 E 2006, by the American Society of Limnology and Oceanography, Inc.